![]() The presence of air in the stomach and bowel in the setting of esophageal atresia implies that there is a distal fistula. The proximal esophageal stump may be distended with air ( types A and C). type D: double fistula with intervening atresia (1%)ĭemonstration of the nasogastric tube curled in the proximal esophagus in a child where the passage of the tube has been unsuccessful is usually sufficient for diagnosis.type C: proximal atresia with distal fistula (85% - most common).type B: proximal fistula with distal atresia (1%).type A: isolated esophageal atresia (8%).As such, the types of esophageal atresia / tracheo-esophageal fistula can be divided into 1,2: They are very closely related to esophageal atresia, and represent a spectrum of disease. The trachea is an out-budding from the ventral foregut, and tracheo-esophageal fistulae represent incomplete/abnormal division. Only with H-type fistulae, which can be very small and typically slant down from the trachea toward the esophagus, presentation may be delayed, sometimes for many years 2. In cases where esophageal atresia is present (i.e. again, all but H-type), then attempted the passage of a nasogastric tube will not be successful. The diagnosis is usually made in the neonate, as they experience feeding difficulties and respiratory compromise due to repeated aspiration. non-aneuploidic syndromic associations 5Ĭlinical presentation is similar for all types except for type E (H-type).Īntenatally polyhydramnios may be present due to inability to adequately swallow fluid, and it is found in up to 90% of cases 1, but is, unfortunately, a non-specific sign.In just over half of cases, there are other associated congenital abnormalities, including 1,2,5: There is no convincing gender or racial predilection 5. There is only a minimal hereditary/genetic component with an incidence in twins and those with family history being only approximately 1% 5. Tracheo-esophageal fistula and esophageal atresia have a combined incidence of approximately 1 in 3500 live births 1-3,5. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |